Publications – Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics

Horizontal gene transfer rate is not the primary determinant of observed antibiotic resistance frequencies in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Author(s): Lehtinen S, Chewapreecha C, Lees J, Hanage WP, Lipsitch M, Croucher NJ, Bentley SD, Turner P, Fraser C, Mostowy RJJournal: Sci AdvPMID: 32671212 May 2020

The extent to which evolution is constrained by the rate at which horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows DNA to move…

Case-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance with full susceptibility profiles.

Author(s): Ryu S, Cowling BJ, Wu P, Olesen S, Fraser C, Sun DS, Lipsitch M, Grad YHJournal: JAC Antimicrob ResistPMID: 32280945 December 2019

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is essential for clinical decision-making and for public health authorities to monitor patterns in resistance…

On the evolutionary ecology of multidrug resistance in bacteria.

Author(s): Lehtinen S, Blanquart F, Lipsitch M, Fraser C, with the Maela Pneumococcal Collaboration.Journal: PLoS PathogPMID: 31083687 June 2019

Resistance against different antibiotics appears on the same bacterial strains more often than expected by chance, leading to high frequencies…

The evolution of antibiotic resistance in a structured host population.

Author(s): Blanquart F, Lehtinen S, Lipsitch M, Fraser CJournal: J R Soc InterfacePMID: 29925579 June 2018

The evolution of antibiotic resistance in opportunistic pathogens such as , or is a major public health problem, as infection…

Frequency-dependent selection in vaccine-associated pneumococcal population dynamics.

Author(s): Corander J, Fraser C, Gutmann MU, Arnold B, Hanage WP, Bentley SD, Lipsitch M, Croucher NJJournal: Nat Ecol EvolPMID: 29038424 December 2017

Many bacterial species are composed of multiple lineages distinguished by extensive variation in gene content. These often cocirculate in the…

Host population structure and treatment frequency maintain balancing selection on drug resistance.

Author(s): Cobey S, Baskerville EB, Colijn C, Hanage W, Fraser C, Lipsitch MJournal: J R Soc InterfacePMID: 28835542 August 2017

It is a truism that antimicrobial drugs select for resistance, but explaining pathogen- and population-specific variation in patterns of resistance…

Evolution of antibiotic resistance is linked to any genetic mechanism affecting bacterial duration of carriage.

Author(s): Lehtinen S, Blanquart F, Croucher NJ, Turner P, Lipsitch M, Fraser CJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S APMID: 28096340 January 2017

Understanding how changes in antibiotic consumption affect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is important for public health.…

Potential Biases in Estimating Absolute and Relative Case-Fatality Risks during Outbreaks.

Author(s): Lipsitch M, Donnelly CA, Fraser C, Blake IM, Cori A, Dorigatti I, Ferguson NM, Garske T, Mills HL, Riley S, Van Kerkhove MD, Hernán MAJournal: PLoS Negl Trop DisPMID: 26181387 July 2015

Estimating the case-fatality risk (CFR)-the probability that a person dies from an infection given that they are a case-is a…

Heterogeneity in the frequency and characteristics of homologous recombination in pneumococcal evolution.

Author(s): Mostowy R, Croucher NJ, Hanage WP, Harris SR, Bentley S, Fraser CJournal: PLoS GenetPMID: 24786281 May 2014

The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the most important human bacterial pathogens, and a leading cause of morbidity…

Health benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of earlier eligibility for adult antiretroviral therapy and expanded treatment coverage: a combined analysis of 12 mathematical models.

Author(s): Eaton JW, Menzies NA, Stover J, Cambiano V, Chindelevitch L, Cori A, Hontelez JA, Humair S, Kerr CC, Klein DJ, Mishra S, Mitchell KM, Nichols BE, Vickerman P, Bakker R, Bärnighausen T, Bershteyn A, Bloom DE, Boily MC, Chang ST, Cohen T, Dodd PJ, Fraser C, Gopalappa C, Lundgren J, Martin NK, Mikkelsen E, Mountain E, Pham QD, Pickles M, Phillips A, Platt L, Pretorius C, Prudden HJ, Salomon JA, van de Vijver DA, de Vlas SJ, Wagner BG, White RG, Wilson DP, Zhang L, Blandford J, Meyer-Rath G, Remme M, Revill P, Sangrujee N, Terris-Prestholt F, Doherty M, Shaffer N, Easterbrook PJ, Hirnschall G, Hallett TBJournal: Lancet Glob HealthPMID: 25083415 December 2013

New WHO guidelines recommend ART initiation for HIV-positive persons with CD4 cell counts ≤500 cells/µL, a higher threshold than was…